Micronutrient as Vitamins and their Functions

 

Micronutrient as Vitamins and their Functions

micronutrient are required in very small quantities. 

(1) As a catalyst in bodily functions. 

(2) Protection of the body from infection and disease. 

Classification of Vitamins Vitamins that are soluble in fats –

Vitamins' A ',' D ','.  Water-soluble Vitamins  

Vitamins 'B' and 'C' (Vit 'A') / (Retinol) Functions

(1) General vision and eye health. 

(2) Skin health,

(3) Respiratory, esophageal and urinary tract tissue function. 

(4) Physical growth

(5) Protection from infection,

tools

(1)    Animal tools - Liver, milk, ghee, butter, eggs, meat, fish (Fish liver oil contains themost vitamin A). 

(2)    Green leafy vegetables - spinach, fenugreek, sugarcane leaves, evergreen leaves, greens, yellow fruits and vegetables - papaya, mango, citrus, orange, milky (red) pumpkin, cabbage, tomato, carrot, pumpkin. 

(3)    Daily requirement of Vitamin A - 1) Adults (Khi, Male, Pregnant mothers) 600 micro-grams 2) Breastfeeding mothers 950 micro grams 3) Infants 200-400 micro grams (100 gms)  Vitamin A (International Grame Micro Micro) Cod Fish Liver Oil 6000 Spinach 5500 Aba 4800 Carrot 2000-4300 2500 Advai Papaya Kochi 2000 180 Milk Vitamin A Deficiency Diseases - Night Blindness. 

Prevention - Preventive measures Intensive solution of Vitamin A has been given since 1970. 

(1) Way of giving - Oral

(2) Total dose - 5

(3) 1st dose - 1 lakh (EU) Half a teaspoon (given with 9th month measles vaccine.)

(4) 2nd dose - 2 lakh (E)  .U) One teaspoon (given with one and a half year old triple polio booster vaccine.)

(5) 3rd dose -2 lakh (international unit) 2 years

(6) 4th dose -2 lakh (EU) 2.5 years

(7) 5th Dosage - 2 Lakh (EU) 3 years Vitamin A Supplement Dosage Special Campaign is conducted every six months.  (June 1 to 30, December 1 to 31)

Vitamin 'D' (Vit. 'D') is produced in the body through the skin from the sun's rays.  So little babies are exposed to the scorching sun. 

Function

(1) Absorption of calcium and phosphorus salts in the intestine. 

(2) Bone formation, strong bones. 

(3) Formation of teeth. 

(4) Necessary for natural growth. 

Instruments

(1) are produced in the body by sun rays. 

(2) Animal Husbandry Fish Liver Oil - 30-750 micro-grams, Eggs 1.25 to 1.50 mg, Butter 0.05 to 1.50 mg, Milk 0.1 mg 'D'  Vitamins are stored in the body in the liver and fat.  Daily requirement - Adults (male / female) - 2.5 mg, Infants and children - 5 mg, Pregnant and lactating mothers - 10 mg Vitamin B

deficiency diseases

(1) Rickets

(2) occurs in the age group of 2 years.  Inadequate sunlight causes vitamin D deficiency.  The amount of calcium in the bones decreases. 

Symptoms of mumps

(1) Cut limbs and abdomen, head is large. 

(2) Teeth come out late. 

(3) Bow-like curvature in the legs,

(4) jerks. 

(5) The thoracic cavity bends. 

(6) Osteoarthritis - mainly found in pregnant, lactating mothers and the elderly. 

Vitamin ‘E’ (Vit. ‘E’). Function: In the treatment of infertility, “Daily requirement - 10 mg, - Tools - Animals - Mayonnaise, Meat, Butter Vegetable - Sunflower oil, Vinegar oil (in small amounts in fruits and vegetables)  Deficiency Illness - Infertility (Research Ongoing, Not Definite) Vitamin

Vit (K), Functions –

(1) Blood Clotting

(2) Bleeding Prevention - Daily Need 0.03 mg per kg body weight - 1) Fresh green leafy vegetables (2) Fruits (3) Cow's milk (4) Mother's milk (5) Vitamin K produced in the body through intestinal organisms (in small quantity) is stored in the liver. Vitamin K. (C) (Vit.C).  ) (Ascortic acid) is the most volatile vitamin. Functions –

(1) Helps in absorption of iron.

2) Useful in bleeding complaints

(3) For wound healing

(4) Useful against infections. - Daily requirement- (Adult and pregnant woman) -40  Mg, lactating mothers - 80 mg. - Tools (Vit.C) - Fresh Sour Juicy Fruits, (Lemon)  Class Fruits: Sesame, Citrus, Amla, Peru etc.  ) Is also found in dry amla.  Modified cereals, green leafy vegetables, in small quantities - meat, away, yams, potatoes.

Illness due to Vitamin C deficiency: - Squaw.  - Symptoms –

(1) Swollen gums, pain, bleeding from the gums. 

(2) Peacock to heal wounds

(3) Bleeding

(4) Anemia.

Vitamin B is concentrated in Vitamins B-1 to B-12.  (Vit B comples) Y - Vitamin B bus Thiamine Ma - Pyridoxine B - Riboflavin B - Niacin 4. Folic acid –

Patochenic acid P, Cyanocobalamin Vitamin Y-1 (Thiamine) Functions: -

(1) For proper functioning of the nervous system

(2) In the metabolism of carbohydrates. 

Tools: -

(1) Unpolished rice, other grains (wheat, sorghum, millet, pulses), peanuts, in general - will collide naturally in all foods. 

(2) Daily requirement - 0.5 mg per 1000 calories

(3) Deficiency disease - Bheriberi. 

Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin) Functions –

 (1) Protein, carbohydrate, Fat Metabolism

(2) Cell Respiration.

Tools - Mainly milk, eggs, liver, kidney, greens as well as leafy vegetables are also made in the large intestine, fruits, pulses, cereals increase in the process of turning.  Daily requirement - 0.6 min.  Per 100 calories,  

Deficiency - Lip, tongue, oral complaints, adversely affects fetal growth. 

Vitamin B-3 (Niacin) Functions - Metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins. For skin, esophagus and nervous system functions. 

Tools - Hard shelled fruits (almonds, walnuts). 

Daily requirement - 6.6 mg per 1000 calories,

Illness due to deficiency - Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, memory effects),

Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine Functions - D.N.  In the formation of A. Necessary for the formation of red blood cells,

Tools - leafy vegetables, liver, meat, eggs, milk, grains.  Excessive cooking destroys folic acid. 

Daily requirement - 100 micrograms for adults, 400-500 micrograms for pregnant women,

Breastfeeding - 150 mg.  Children - 100 mg. 

Due to deficiency - Anemia, mouth sores, sometimes - Infertility

Vitamin B-12 (cyanocobalamin) Functions - In DNA formation. In protein production. In blood production.

Tools - Liver, Kidney, Meat, Eggs, Milk, Cheese, Bacteria in the intestine (not found in plant matter). 

Daily requirement: - Adult 1 microgram, pregnant / lactating - 1.5 m.

Deficiency - (1) Anemia (2) Effect on nervous system (3) Infertility also carbohydrates  Are made up of these elements.