Malaria: Symptoms, General Information and Remedies.

Malaria: Symptoms, General Information and Remedies.

 

 General information

 

·        Malaria is one of the oldest diseases in the world.  

·        Malaria is caused by a parasitic bacterium called Plasmodium. 

·        Malaria is spread by 'Anopheles' type mosquitoes (female). 

·        Male mosquitoes do not bite.Since females need blood to lay eggs, only females bite and take blood. The male mosquito lives on leaf sap. 

·        Malaria is spread by biting a female of the genus Conaphilis and biting another healthy person.  

·        'Discovery of malaria germs' in 1880 by Sir Dr.  Planted by Alfred Loveron. 

·        In 1897, Sir Ronald Ross discovered that the disease is transmitted to humans by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles, and discovered the life cycle of the malaria parasite.

Major Symptoms of Malaria

 

(1) Fever comes on wearing a bandage and fever subsides when you sweat. 

(2) Spleen grows. 

(3) Anemia occurs. 

 

The main types of Plasmodium parasites are

(1) Plasmodium vivax (70%)

(2) Plasmodium falciparam (30%)

(3) Plasma.  Carton / Malari (P.quartan \ mlarac) (3-4%)

(4) Plasmodium oval (P.ovale) (1%)

 

·        Sexual status: Ana.  In the body of the female mosquito (hence the mosquito is the main nourishment)

·        The life cycle of the mosquito is a total of 4 stages (eggs, larvae, cocoons, adult mosquitoes)

·        Eggs - lays 100-250 eggs in water at a time.  The condition lasts for 1 to 2 days. 

·        Larvae: Stay in water for 5-6 days

·        Cell: This is the resting stage of mosquito (water) life cycle.  The condition lasts for 1-2 days.

 

 Adult mosquitoes in the atmosphere with water.  (State) lifespan.  It is 2 weeks.  Female mosquitoes can live for a maximum of 34 days.  The malaria germs grow in red blood cells. 

 

Malaria Prevention 

 

Ø Malaria Control - If you want to control this effectively, you need to use the principle of 'prompt diagnosis and prompt treatment'. 

 

Ø Diagnosis - Direct Survey, Indirect Survey.  The survey was conducted through Gonya Distribution Center, Heat Treatment Center ,and  Malaria Clinics.

 

Ø Direct Survey - A house-to-house survey or a meticulous survey, which requires a family survey register (MF - 1 / S.F - 1) of the population of the village / area concerned.

 

(1) After taking the blood sample of the user, the detailed record in which it is taken is called (M.F2 / S.F.2) register. 

(2) A blood sample is taken from a person who has a fever during a home visit and also if he / she has a cold / fever 15 days ago or within a period of 15 days. 

(3) Medicine treated on the understanding that every fever patient is a malaria patient is an 'assumed pickle'. 

(4) For the treatment of malaria, the drug 'Chloroquine' is given at the rate of 10mg per body weight (10mg / kg b.w.). 

(5) Care should be taken while taking and sending the blood sample of the patient before taking the prescribed treatment. 

(6) Blood sample should be taken from each patient,

(7) At that time the glass should be clean. 

(8) Take both thick and thin blood sample on the glass.  (It is necessary to take a thin blood sample to understand the type of malaria germs / flood stage etc.)

(9) Date of taking, name of the patient, place of residence etc.  Information should be entered in the S.F.2 register immediately.  The complete address of the patient should be given, if the patient is from outstation then the address should be recorded with the original village. 

(10) Once taken, a simple pencil should be used to immediately draw the blood sample number on the SF2 register along with the code number of the substation. 

(11) (A) Immediately place the sample in a glass box and air dry the sample.  (Blood sample should not be dried in the sun.)

 (B) After taking the sample, apply the treatment according to age. 

 (C) Samples should be sent to the laboratory for testing with S.F2 form preferably daily or at least three times a week.  (At least 8 to 10 blood samples should be obtained if a direct survey of 1000 population is done at home visit).

 

Blood sample number is to be given in order from 1st January to 31st December.

After taking blood sample, it should be sent to the laboratory for examination within 48 hours. 

Root treatment - If the blood sample of fever is found to be contaminated at the end of the test, radical treatment is given to 'Runas' according to the type of malaria germ. 

"Radical treatment destroys the sexually transmitted malaria virus (gmetocytes) in human blood and helps prevent mosquito contamination and further transmission of malaria to humans.

Plasma, vivax (PV) is a 5-day radical treatment.  The radical treatment is from the time of contamination. It should be completed within a day. 

If type 2 (PV + PE) is given, the root treatment is given for 5 days. 

7 nights done in the register. 

 

Indirect survey

 

 

(1), the detection of fever by hospital is done by taking blood sample of all the teleconferencing coming to the places like dispensaries, P.A. centers, sub-centers, rural hospitals.  

(2) The target for blood sample in such places is 15% of the total outpatient population (JZU). 

 

Community Survey

 

Malaria Problem Areas, Nomads - Migrant families, beetroots, carpenters, dam laborers, shepherds, border areas of the state.  Therefore, by conducting a survey here, blood samples of the suspects are taken as per the need and all are treated on community basis.  (It is given even if there is no fever) Moreover, one-day radical treatment is given on the advice of a doctor or an officer. 

Indirect Survey - (1) Gonya Distribution Center - (D.D.C) Iloroquin in Tribal Areas, Remote Areas or Wadi - Settlements |  Gonorrhea is treated and the patient is recorded.  (E.g. schools, anganwadas, gram panchayats etc.). 

Fever Treatment Center - (ETID) Treatment of chloroquine is given by taking a blood sample of a fever patient in a remote area in a malaria-sensitive area.  The person doing the work has to be trained. 

Malaria Clinic - Fever in this place 2.  The sample is taken and quickly inspected and run.  In case of contamination, immediate treatment is given.  (Ex: PR Center, Village Runalaye, District Hospital, District Malaria Officer etc.) –

Mosquito Control - (Anti Mosquito Remedy, Anti Mosquito Remedy, Protection from Mosquitoes) (1) Environmental Control: - (1) Mosquito Product  Reservoirs - stagnant water, puddles, gutters etc.  Cleaning / flowing.  (ii) Empty tires, bins, bottles, small utensils, toys, cans etc.  Proper disposal of (iv) It takes at least one week for mosquitoes to grow in water.  So one a week Outdoor water containers, water tanks, cisterns, etc.  Drying, re-drying in the sun and filling the next day.  (Effective on Dengue / Chikungunya) (c) Cement tanks, tanks, septic tanks should be properly covered. 

Use of Shas larvae - (1) Mineral oil (kerosene / burning oil) or NLO on the surface of the reservoir.  Oil.  The mosquito larvae die due to lack of oxygen. 

(2) Parisgreen powder is spread on the surface of water mixed with ash or puddle.  Mosquitoes die from food entering the larvae's stomach. 

(3) Mosquitoes can be killed by spraying Temiphos (Ambet) on water. 

Biological control 

Release of guppies - This is an important method in terms of environmental balance.  Mosquitoes release guppies at their place of origin, destroying them by eating the larvae.  Wells, lakes, tanks etc.  Can also be dropped in.  Adult Mosquito Remedy Pesticide Spray - After sucking blood, the female mosquito sits on the surface of the wall for rearing.  If pesticides are sprayed using it, the mosquitoes die due to paralysis.  At present Alpha Cyclomethine 5% (Fondona 5%) is sprayed with 250 g of powder in 10 liters of water.  (In the past, BHC or DDT powder was used for this, but now it is banned as mosquitoes develop immunity against them.) 

Dust spraying (Fogging) - Dust spraying is done by mixing 20 ml, 'Kingfog' in 4 liters of diesel.  This is done indoors and outdoors.  Contaminated mosquitoes are killed in the atmosphere.  But the effect is temporary. 

Protection from mosquitoes - (a) Installation of anti-mosquito nets on the doors and windows of the house.  (b) Provide ventilation and plenty of light.  (c) Apply anti-mosquito ointment to the limb or use full cloth.  (d) Use of insecticide heavy mosquito nets.  (K-othrene 2.5) is used to make heavy mosquito nets. (e) To educate people about anti-mosquito measures. 

Health education on malaria Awareness on malaria, use of media (TV, radio, newspapers, etc.) Exhibitions, health education through folklore.  May 1 to May 7 is observed as Anti-Malaria Week every year.  .  June of the year (June 1 to June 30) is the anti-malaria and anti-communicable month.  ॥  Cerbral malaria is a serious form of malaria.  If not treated in time, serious complications can occur and the patient is likely to die in 23 days.  Symptoms Acute fever, low hemoglobin levels, renal dysfunction, blood in the urine, swelling of the lungs. 

(1) Central Malaria Control Institute - Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh) - 1909

(2) Migration - Indian Malaria Institute - Delhi 1938

(3) Accompaniment - When an outbreak of a disease is found in an area in excess of the normal expectation, it is called Saad of a specific disease. 

(4) Outbreak of malaria (malaria) - 5 or more malaria outbreaks in fever patients in an area on the same day, death due to malaria or sudden increase in the number of plazas, falciparum cases.  They celebrate what has happened. 

Spray  Program

 

Planning - Before District Hiv., Vaidya, Adhi.  For this, malaria statistics are considered for the last 3 years.  Infected population, falciparum type infection km.  Death from malaria spraying is fixed in the problem area.  

Spraying squad - 5 to 6 area staff. There should be two pumps. There is a senior field staff in this.

Squad material - Two pumps for one team, more nozzle tips, 15 liter  Two buckets, a bucket of 5-10 liters, asbestos thread (approximately 3 meters), two pump washers, measuring vessel (mug), solution filters, strainer, plastic paper, soap, apan, gloss, mask etc.

Spray - Nozzle  Appropriate amount of spray coming out of the tip should be 750 cc to 800 cc per minute, spraying 150 sq.m. in 5 minutes. - The proper distance from the nozzle tip to the fear should be at least 45 cm while spraying.  A hops should be 10 to 15 cm long, this will increase the pressure near the nozzle tip to 10 pounds. - A team should normally spray 60 to 80 houses in a day.  (Mosquitoes should be placed on the wall and the medicine should be dropped on the wall.)  Therefore) - Generally 3 months after spraying the house should not be repaired or painted.  (Because the effect of the drug is 6-7 weeks)